It is unclear when exactly the term Kanunî (the Lawgiver) first came to be used as an epithet for Suleiman. It is entirely absent from sixteenth and seventeenth-century Ottoman sources, and may date from the early 18th century.[12]
Alternative names and titles Edit
Suleiman the Magnificent (محتشم سليمان Muḥteşem Süleymān), as he was known in the West, was also called Suleiman the First (سلطان سليمان أول Sulṭān Süleymān-ı Evvel), and Suleiman the Lawgiver (قانونی سلطان سليمان Ḳānūnī Sulṭān Süleymān) for his reform of the Ottoman legal system.[11]
Although scholars prefer "crisis and adaptation" rather than decline after his death,[6][7][8] the end of Suleiman's reign was a watershed in Ottoman history. In the decades after Suleiman, the empire began to experience significant political, institutional, and economic changes, a phenomenon often referred to as the Transformation of the Ottoman Empire.[9]: 11 [10]
Breaking with Ottoman tradition, Suleiman married Hürrem Sultan, a woman from his harem, an Orthodox Christian of Ruthenian origin who converted to Islam, and who became famous in the West by the name Roxelana, due to her red hair. Their son, Selim II, succeeded Suleiman following his death in 1566 after 46 years of rule. Suleiman's other potential heirs, Mehmed and Mustafa, had died; Mehmed had died in 1543 from smallpox, and Mustafa had been strangled to death in 1553 at the sultan's order. His other son Bayezid was executed in 1561 on Suleiman's orders, along with Bayezid's four sons, after a rebellion.
میں ایسی نرم طبیعت کبھی نہ تھی پہلے
ضرور لمس کوئی اُس کا چُھو گیا مجھ کو
At the helm of an expanding empire, Suleiman personally instituted major judicial changes relating to society, education, taxation and criminal law. His reforms, carried out in conjunction with the empire's chief judicial official Ebussuud Efendi, harmonized the relationship between the two forms of Ottoman law: sultanic (Kanun) and religious (Sharia).[4] He was a distinguished poet and goldsmith; he also became a great patron of culture, overseeing the "Golden" age of the Ottoman Empire in its artistic, literary and architectural development.[5]
ایک دن ہم بھی مشہور ہو جائیں گے
نام پکارا جائے گا مسجد کے میناروں میں_🖤
Suleiman became a prominent monarch of 16th-century Europe, presiding over the apex of the Ottoman Empire's economic, military and political power. Suleiman personally led Ottoman armies in conquering the Christian strongholds of Belgrade and Rhodes as well as most of Hungary before his conquests were checked at the siege of Vienna in 1529. He annexed much of the Middle East in his conflict with the Safavids and large areas of North Africa as far west as Algeria. Under his rule, the Ottoman fleet dominated the seas from the Mediterranean to the Red Sea and through the Persian Gulf.[3]: 61
آپ سے کیا گلہ صاحب
ہم خود بڑے بیوفا ہے
Suleiman succeeded his father, Selim I, as sultan in September 1520 and began his reign with campaigns against the Christian powers in central Europe and the Mediterranean. Belgrade fell to him in 1521 and the island of Rhodes in 1522–23. At Mohács, in August 1526, Suleiman broke the military strength of Hungary.
Spouse
Mahidevran
Hürrem Sultan (m. 1533/1534–1558; her death)
Issue
Şehzade Mahmud
Şehzade Mustafa
Raziye Sultan
Şehzade Murad
Şehzade Mehmed
Mihrimah Sultan
Şehzade Abdullah
Selim II
Şehzade Bayezid
Şehzade Cihangir
Born
6 November 1494[2]: 541
Trabzon, Ottoman Empire
Died
6 September 1566 (aged 71)[2]: 545
Szigetvár, Kingdom of Hungary, Habsburg Monarchy
Burial
Organs buried at Turbék, Szigetvár
Body buried at Süleymaniye Mosque, Istanbul
10th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (Padishah)
Reign
30 September 1520 – 6 September 1566 (45 years, 341 days)
Sword girding
30 September 1520
Predecessor
Selim I
Successor
Selim II
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